基于新标准的俄罗斯釆金业职业风险评估

当前俄罗斯正在进行立法改革以实现治理体系现代化，其中改革的重点是国家管理体系中的劳动保护、工业安全和突发事件的应急处理。过去的立法体系侧重于对受伤员工提供健康补偿和医疗救护，而新的立法体系则以预防为主，以期通过建立完善的风险管理机制和运行规则，提高安全生产水平、普及安全文化教育，保障员工的生命安全。新标准强调企业必须进行职业风险评估，并将职业风险评估纳入企业工作管理体系。论文以采金业为例，选取伊尔库茨克州波戴波区金矿露天采场为研究案例，探讨了现代化职业风险评估的方法，明确了职业风险评估首先要进行危害鉴别，编制了风险源管理档案清单。采用实测员工风险因素的“记分法”和数学模拟“矩阵法”完成了伊尔库茨克州波戴波区金矿露天采场主要职业的风险评估。研究表明: 在钻井爆破作业场所，由碎石的喷射、粉尘的排放和噪声效应引起的危险为不可接受风险，通过实施安全生产制度（即遵守安全标准和技术要求、为工人提供防护装备）,可将高风险和不可接受风险化解为可接受风险；阐述了高风险职业，编制了风险手册，提出了改善工作条件的首要措施是消除影响爆破手和钻机操作员的有害因素，并为员工提供能更有效预防噪音和振动的个人防护用品。     

湖北郧西西部地区金、锑矿成矿要素及成矿模式

湖北郧西西部地区金、锑矿位于秦岭泥盆系多金属成矿带的东南部镇旬成矿区的东侧,通过对郧西西部地区金、锑矿的成矿规律的综合分析和成矿要素的总结归纳,认为该区金、锑矿受构造、岩性控制。     

Robust Superlubricity of Gold–Graphite Heterointerfaces

Noncommensurate 2D interfaces hold great promise toward low friction and nanoelectromechanical applications. For identical constituents, the crystals interlock at specific rotational configurations leading to high barriers for slide. In contrast, nonidentical constituents comprising different lattice parameters should enable robust superlubricity for all rotational configurations. This is however not the case for gold–graphite interfaces, as both theory and experiments show scaling behavior of the sliding force as a function of the interface contact area. By simulating the sliding force for gold–graphite interfaces, this work shows that the origin for high force barriers at special angular configurations is a result of commensurability between the moiré structure and the contact geometry. Consequently, this paper suggests new geometries that can potentially overcome such commensurability effects to enable robust superlubricity.     

某复杂金多金属矿石选矿试验研究

吉尔吉斯斯坦某金多金属矿石中伴生多种有价元素,有用矿物嵌布状态复杂且嵌布粒度细。针对矿石性质,采用铜优先浮选—金钴混合浮选工艺流程,可初步实现该金多金属矿石中有价金属的有效分选。闭路试验可获得Au品位228.00 g/t、Au回收率12.19%,Ag品位974.00 g/t、Ag回收率37.71%,Cu品位27.590%、Cu回收率80.65%的铜精矿,以及Au品位65.00 g/t、Au回收率57.22%,Ag品位28.00 g/t、Ag回收率17.86%,Co品位0.5500%、Co回收率53.02%的金钴精矿。     

Superabsorbent dewatering of refractory gold concentrate slurries

In this paper, superabsorbent polymer (SAB) dewatering behaviour of selected mineral pulps comprising low-grade, refractory gold flotation concentrate, bio-oxidation product and cyanide leach residue was investigated as an alternative to conventional, gravity thickening. The shear rheology of the resulting sediments was also investigated for pulp handleability. All slurries displayed better SAB-mediated dewatering performance, in terms of reduced processing time, volume minimization and greater water recovery for recycle, in comparison with gravity thickening. Specifically, SAB absorbed >94 wt.% water from the dilute slurries within 30 min of contact time. 45–76 wt.% more water was recovered after 60 min at high supernatant clarity using the SAB dewatering approach compared with gravity settling. The observed non-Newtonian, shear thinning rheological behaviour of SAB-dewatered consolidated slurries, reflecting low to moderate yield stresses in the range 1–40 Pa and shear thinning viscosities (<10 mPa⋅s), indicate their “handleability” in hydro-transport. The cost effectiveness of the SAB dewatering process engendered by its significantly greater water recovery and SAB polymer recovery, regeneration and multiple reuse capacity.     

广西某黄铁矿化蚀变砂泥岩型金矿选矿试验研究

广西某金矿为黄铁矿化蚀变砂泥岩型金矿,可回收金主要为黄铁矿、脉石包裹金。金矿物绝大部分为次显微金、胶体金及晶格金,呈均匀分布,极难单体解离,因此金矿物较难富集。试验研究结果表明,采用浮选—尼尔森联合工艺获得金粗精矿金品位为5.82g/t,金回收率为88.85%,较单一浮选工艺粗选金回收率提高5.19%;闭路试验结果表明,采用浮选—尼尔森联合工艺可获得金品位为12.53g/t、金回收率为88.48%的金精矿,较好地实现了该金矿的综合回收。     

粗金粉中金的氯浸-控制电位还原精炼

某冶炼厂氰化金泥还原得到的粗金产品纯度较低，采用氯浸-还原工艺对粗金进行了精炼提纯。在生产工艺中采用盐酸+氯酸钠对粗金进行氯浸溶解，用焦亚硫酸钠控制电位选择性还原浸出液中的金。采用补水-冷却使银和铅从氯浸液充分沉淀析出，通过调整pH值、改变焦亚硫酸钠添加方式、精确控制还原电位等方法，产品金锭达到IC-Au99.99标准。两年的生产实践创造了明显的经济效益。     

CSAMT方法在仓上金矿外围及深部找矿中的应用

仓上金矿位于三山岛—仓上断裂西南部，西邻渤海湾，是我国大型露天金矿之一。至2005年闭坑后，在矿山外围及深部找矿一直未取得新进展。为加大勘探深度，探查矿区外围和深部断裂及岩体的空间展布情况，寻找深部金矿资源，采用CSAMT方法在该区开展了测深剖面勘查工作，并与以往的物探资料及331号地质剖面进行了综合对比分析，结果显示F1推断断层与三山岛—仓上断裂相吻合，提出验证钻孔1个。经钻探工程验证见金矿体，取得了较好的应用找矿效果，为下一步开展地质找矿提供了有价值的地球物理信息依据。     

Simultaneous extraction of gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by chlorination roasting process

A novel process based on chlorination roasting was proposed to simultaneously recover gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by using NaCl as chlorination agent. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time and NaCl content on the volatilization rates of gold and zinc were investigated. The reaction mechanism and the phase transition process were also analyzed by means of SEM, EDS and XRD. The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions of NaCl content of 10%, roasting temperature of 800 °C, roasting time of 4 h and gas flow rate of 1 L/min, the rates of gold and zinc were 92% and 92.56%, respectively. During low-temperature chlorination roasting stage, a certain content of sulfur was beneficial to the chlorination reactions of gold and zinc; and during high-temperature chlorination roasting stage, the crystal structure of vanadium-bearing mica was destroyed, and the vanadium-containing oxides were beneficial to the chlorinating volatilization of gold and zinc. Eventually, the chlorinated volatiles of gold and zinc could be recovered by alkaline solution.     

Emerging Plasmonic Assemblies Triggered by DNA for Biomedical Applications

Plasmonic gold nanocrystal represents plasmonic metal nanomaterials, and has a variety of unique and beneficial properties, such as optical signal enhancement, catalytic activity, and photothermal properties tuned by local temperature, which are useful in physical, chemical, and biological applications. In addition, the inherent properties of predictable programmability, sequence specificity, and structural plasticity provide DNA nanostructures with precise controllability, spatial addressability, and targeting recognition, serving as ideal ligands to link or position building blocks during the self-assembly process. Self-assembly is a common technique for the organization of prefabricated and discrete nanoparticle blocks for the construction of extremely sophisticated nanocomposites. To this end, the integration of DNA nanotechnology with Au nanomaterials, followed by assembly of DNA-functionalized Au nanomaterials can form novel functional Au nanomaterials that are difficult to obtain through conventional methods. Here, recent progress in DNA-assembled Au nanostructures of various shapes is summarized, and their functions are discussed. The fabrication strategies that employ DNA for the self-assembly of Au nanostructures, including dimers, tetramers, satellites, nanochains, and other nanostructures with more complex geometric configurations are first described. Then, the characteristic optical properties and applications of biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapy are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects are elucidated.